ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium batteries a me lithium batteries

ʻO nā pila NiMH

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻona nickel-metal hydride me nā ion hydrogen a me ka nickel metala.Loaʻa iā lākou he 30% ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana ma mua o nā pihi nickel-cadmium, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā pā nickel-cadmium, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe.Pili kaiapuni lākou a ʻaʻohe hopena hoʻomanaʻo.ʻO ka pōʻino o nā pākahi nickel-metal hydride ʻo ia ke kumu kūʻai o nā pihi nickel-cadmium ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o nā pā lithium.

Pākuʻi Lithium Ion

ʻO kahi pākahiko ikaika nui i hana ʻia menā pākahi lithium-ion. ʻO ka pākaukau Lithium-ionhe anopākaukau akamai, hiki iā ia ke hui pū me ka loiloi akamai kumu kūikawā e hoʻokō ai i ka manawa pōkole loa, ka pōʻai ola lōʻihi loa a me ka mana nui loa.ʻO ka pākaukau Lithium-ionʻo ia ka pākaukau maikaʻi loa i kēia manawa.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pākahi nickel-cadmium a me nā ʻāpana nickel-hydrogen o ka nui like, loaʻa iā ia ka mana nui loa, ke kaumaha māmā, ke ola lōʻihi, ka manawa pōkole loa, ʻaʻohe hopena hoʻomanaʻo.

ʻElua mau ʻano nui o nā ʻeke pila hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia: ʻo nā pākaʻi lead-acid a me nā pā alkaline.ʻO ka nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) a me ka lithium-ion (Li-Ion) e hoʻohana nei i kēia manawa, ʻo ia nā pihi alkaline āpau.

ʻO ka mea pāʻani pāʻani maikaʻi ʻo NiMH ʻo NiOOH, ʻo ka mea pāʻani maikaʻi ʻole he hydrogen-absorbing alloy.ʻO ka electrolyte ka mea maʻamau he 30% KOH aqueous solution, a hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o NiOH.Hana ʻia ka diaphragm me ka lole porous vinylon non-woven a i ʻole nylon non-woven fabric.Aia ʻelua ʻano o nā ʻaniani NiMH: cylindrical a me ka square.

Loaʻa i nā pila NiMH nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.ʻOiai ma kahi mahana ambient o -20 ° C, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi manawa nui (ma kahi helu hoʻokuʻu o 1C) e hoʻokuʻu ai, hiki i ka uila hoʻokuʻu ke piʻi aku ma mua o 85% o ka mana nominal.Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā ʻeke NiMH i kahi wela kiʻekiʻe (ma luna o + 40 ° C), e hāʻule ka nui o ka waihona e 5-10%.Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka nalowale o ka hiki ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia iho (ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia iho) hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka mana kiʻekiʻe i kekahi mau pōʻai hoʻoiho.ʻO ka volta kaapuni hāmama o ka pila NiMH he 1.2V, ʻo ia ka mea like me ka pā NiCd.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o nā ʻaniani NiCd/NiMH ua like loa ia, e koi ana i ka hoʻopiʻi mau ʻana i kēia manawa.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻana e pale ai i ka pila mai ka overcharging.Hoʻokō ka charger i ka hoʻopiʻi mau ʻana i ka pākaukau, a i ka manawa like e ʻike i ka volta pākaukau a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.Ke piʻi mālie ka pila uila a hiki i kahi waiwai kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka pilahi NiMH, ʻoiai no ka pila NiCd, hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki ʻana i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka uila uila e -△V no ka manawa mua.I mea e pale aku ai i ka pōʻino o ka pākaukau, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaka i ka hoʻouka wikiwiki ʻana ke haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana o ka pākaukau.Ke emi ka wela o ka pākaukau ʻo Tmin ma mua o 10°C, pono ke hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano hoʻohuhi trickle.Ke hiki aku ka wela o ka pākaukau i ka waiwai i ʻōlelo ʻia, pono e hoʻōki koke ʻia ke kau ʻana.

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu Nickel-cadmium

ʻO ka mea hana ma ka pā maikaʻi o ka pākaukau nickel-cadmium NiCd pākaukau i haku ʻia me ka pauka nickel oxide a me ka pauka graphite.ʻAʻole komo ʻo Graphite i nā hopena kemika, a ʻo kāna hana nui ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka conductivity.ʻO ka mea ʻeleu ma ka pā maikaʻi ʻole ka pauka cadmium oxide a me ka pauka hao.ʻO ka hana o ka pauka hao ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka diffusibility o ka cadmium oxide, pale i ka agglomeration, a hoʻonui i ka hiki o ka pā electrode.Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hana i nā ʻāpana kila perforated, i lilo i mau papa maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole o ka pākaukau ma hope o ke kaomi ʻana.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pā polar e nā koʻokoʻo insulating paʻa paʻa alkali a i ʻole nā ​​​​papa polyvinyl chloride corrugated perforated.ʻO ka electrolyte ka hopena potassium hydroxide.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia iho o nā pā NiCd (ʻo ia hoʻi, ka wikiwiki o ka nalowale ʻana o ka pila ke hoʻohana ʻole ʻia).I ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pihi NiCd, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopau piha ʻia, e hoʻopiha hou ʻia lākou, a i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i ko lākou mana āpau.No ka laʻana, inā hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka 80% o ka pākaukau a laila hoʻopiha piha ʻia, hiki i ka pākaukau ke hoʻokuʻu wale i 80% o ka pā.ʻO kēia ka mea i kapa ʻia he hopena hoʻomanaʻo.ʻOiaʻiʻo, e hoʻihoʻi hou i nā pōʻai hoʻokuʻu / uku piha i ka pākaukau NiCd i ka hana maʻamau.Ma muli o ka hopena hoʻomanaʻo o nā ʻoni NiCd, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokuʻu loa ʻia, pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēlā me kēia pākahi ma lalo o 1V ma mua o ke kau ʻana.