Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

I ka makahiki 2021, homepākaukau mālama ikehuE hōʻea nā moku i 48GWh, kahi hoʻonui makahiki-ma-makahiki o 2.6 manawa.

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kina i ka pahu kalapona ʻelua i 2021, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana ikehu hou e like me ka makani a me kamālama lā a me ka ikehu houUa loli nā kaʻa i kēlā me kēia lā.Ma keʻano he mea nui e hoʻokō ai i ka pahu kalapona ʻelua, homemālama ikehue hoʻokomo pū i kahi wā gula o ke kulekele a me ka hoʻomohala mākeke.I ka makahiki 2021, mahalo i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka mana o nā ʻāina ʻēmana mālama ikehunā kikowaena a me ke kulekele hoʻokele o ka makani home amālama ikehu lā, e loaʻa i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kūloko ka ulu pahū.

Wahi a ka helu helu mai kaBati LithiumResearch Institute o ka High-tech Industrial Research Institute, homepākaukau mālama ikehue hōʻea nā moku i 48GWh i 2021, kahi hoʻonui makahiki-ma-makahiki o 2.6 mau manawa;o ia manapākaukau mālama ikehuʻO ka hoʻouna ʻana he 29GWh, kahi hoʻonui makahiki-ma-makahiki o 4.39 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 6.6GWh i 2020.

I ka manawa like, kamālama ikehuKe kū nei ka ʻoihana i nā pilikia he nui ma ke ala: ma 2021, ke kumu kūʻai o ka upstreamnā pākahi lithiumua piʻi a paʻa ka mana hana pākaukau, e hoʻonui ana i nā kumukūʻai ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka hāʻule ʻana;ka aina a me ka aina ehoʻopaʻa ikehu pākaukau lithiumUa puhi a pahū nā hale mana i kekahi manawa, ʻo ia ka palekana ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia nā ulia;ʻAʻole i oʻo loa nā ʻano hana ʻoihana home, ʻaʻole makemake nā ʻoihana e hoʻopukapuka kālā, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu he "kūkulu kaumaha ma luna o ka hana", a he mea maʻamau ke ʻano o nā waiwai palaualelo;ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ikehu he 2 mau hola, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ka makani nui a me ka mana o ka lā e hoʻopili ʻia me 4 ʻO ke koi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu lōʻihi ma mua o hoʻokahi hola e piʻi nui aʻe nei…

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka hōʻike like ʻole o ka ʻenehana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ke manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o ka ʻenehana mālama ʻenehana non-lithium-ion.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kulekele mua, ua kākau hou ka "Implementation Plan" e pili ana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole.mālama ikehuʻenehana, a haʻi maopopo loa i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā ala ʻenehana like ʻole e like me nā ʻeke sodium-ion, nā ʻeke kalapona alakaʻi, nā pihi kahe, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hydrogen (amonia).Ka noiʻi hoʻolālā.ʻO ka lua, nā ala ʻenehana e like me 100-megawatt compressed air energy storage, 100-megawatt flow battery, sodium ion, solid-state.pākaukau lithium-ion,a me ka wai metala pila nā kuhikuhi nui o ka noiʻi ʻenehana lako ma kamālama ikehuʻoihana i ka 14th Five-Year Plan.

Ma keʻano laulā, wehewehe ka "Implementation Plan" i nā loina hoʻomohala o ka hōʻike maʻamau akā ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole.mālama ikehu'enehana ala, a wale stipulates i ka hoʻolālā pahu hopu o ka ho'ēmi 'ōnaehana koina ma oi ma mua o 30% ma 2025. keia mea maoli haawi i ka pono e koho i kekahi ala ala i ka market âlapa pôhili me, a me ka wā e hiki mai ulu ana o ka ikehu waihona e lilo i kumu kūʻai- a me ka market- pili i ka makemake.Aia paha ʻelua kumu ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lula.

ʻO ka mua, ke kumukūʻai skyrocketing onā pākahi lithiuma me nā lako maka a me ka lawa ʻole o ka hana ʻana i ka makahiki 2021 ua hōʻike i nā pilikia o ka hilinaʻi nui ʻana ma kahi ala ʻenehana hoʻokahi: ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu wikiwiki ʻana o ka noi i lalo no nā kaʻa ikehu hou, nā huila ʻelua, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ua hopena i ka piʻi ʻana o nā mea maka. kumukūʻai a me ka lako lako.ʻAʻole lawa, e hopena i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā noi ʻē aʻe i lalo "hopu i ka mana hana, hopu i nā mea maka".ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻole lōʻihi ke ola maoli o nā huahana pākaukau lithium, ʻo ka pilikia o ke ahi a me ka pahū ʻana i kekahi manawa, a he paʻakikī ka wahi no ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai i ka wā pōkole, a hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻokō pono i nā pono o nā ikehu āpau. nā noi mālama.Me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mana hou, e lilo ana ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i mea pono ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana ikehu hou, a e komo paha ka noi mālama mana honua i ke au o TWh.ʻAʻole hiki i ka pae hoʻolako o nā pā lithium i kēia manawa ke hoʻokō i ke koi nomālama ikehuʻoihana o nā ʻōnaehana mana hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka lua ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o nā ala ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, a ua loaʻa nā kūlana ʻenehana no ka hōʻike ʻenehana.E lawe i ka waihona ikehu kahe wai i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Hoʻolālā Hoʻokō ma ke ʻano he laʻana.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pākahi lithium-ion, ʻaʻohe hoʻololi ʻana o nā pihi kahe i ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻopiʻi hohonu a hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a hiki ke kū i ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o nā pihi kahe ka lōʻihi loa o ke ola pōʻaiapuni, hiki i ka liʻiliʻi loa ke 10,000 mau manawa, a hiki i kekahi mau ala ʻenehana ke hiki aku ma mua o 20,000 mau manawa, a hiki i ke ola lawelawe holoʻokoʻa ke hiki i 20 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. kūpono no ka mana nuiikehu hou.Kekahi hoʻopaʻa ikehu.Mai ka makahiki 2021, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Datang Group, State Power Investment Corporation, Kina General Nuclear Power a me nā pūʻulu hana mana ʻē aʻe i nā hoʻolālā no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā keʻena mana e mālama i ka ikehu 100-megawatt.ʻO ka māhele mua o kamālama ikehukahi ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻekahua manaua komo ka papahana i ka papa kōmike kōmike hoʻokahi, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hiki ke hiki i ka pākaukau kahe ke hiki i kahi ʻenehana hōʻike 100-megawatt.

Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ke oʻo ʻenehana,nā pākahi lithium-ionaia mau ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻenā waihona ikehu houma ke ʻano o ka hopena pālākiō a me ke kākoʻo ʻoihana, no laila aia ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe e lilo mau lākou i mea nui o nā mea houmālama ikehuhoʻokomo i nā makahiki 5-10 e hiki mai ana.Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia ka pālākiō piha a me ka pili o nā ala mālama mālama ikehu non-lithium-ion.ʻO nā ala ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, e like me nā pākahi sodium-ion, ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻiamālama ikehu, na pahu kalapona alakai, a me na pahu metala-ea, ua manaoia e hoomahuahua i na kumu kuai hookomo mua, kWh kumukuai, palekana, etc. A i ole he nui na ano e hoike mai ana i ka hiki ke ulu nui, a ua manaoia e hana i ka pilina pili a kākoʻo me kekahi.nā pākahi lithium-ion.

Ke kālele nei i nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi, manaʻo ʻia ka makemake o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu no ka wā lōʻihi e hoʻokō i kahi holomua qualitative.

E like me ka manawa e mālama ai i ka ikehu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona noi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu no ka manawa pōkole (<1 hola), ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma waena a me ka lōʻihi (1-4 mau hola), a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu lōʻihi (≥4. hola, a ʻo kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē e wehewehe ≥8 hola) ) ʻekolu ʻano.I kēia manawa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā noi mālama ikehu home i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu no ka wā pōkole a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu waena a me ka lōʻihi.Ma muli o nā kumu e like me ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka, ʻenehana a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana, aia ka mākeke mālama mālama ikehu lōʻihi i ka pae mahiʻai.

Ma ka manawa like, ua hoʻokuʻu aku nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me United Kingdom i kahi ʻano o nā kōkua kulekele a me nā hoʻolālā ʻenehana no ka ʻenehana mālama mālama ikehu lōʻihi, me ka "Energy Storage Grand Challenge Roadmap" i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka United States Department of Energy. , a me nā hoʻolālā o ke Keʻena ʻOihana, Energy and Industrial Strategy o United Kingdom.Hoʻokaʻawale i ka £68 miliona e kākoʻo i kahi papahana hōʻikeʻike o ke ala ʻenehana mālama ikehu lōʻihi o ka ʻāina.Ma waho aʻe o nā luna aupuni, ke hana ikaika nei nā hui ʻole o nā ʻāina ʻē, e like me ka ʻaha kūkā mālama ikehu no ka wā lōʻihi.Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hui e 25 mau nunui honua o ka ikehu, ʻenehana, a me nā pono lehulehu e like me Microsoft, BP, Siemens, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hoʻāʻo e hoʻokau i ka 85TWh-140TWh o nā hoʻonohonoho mālama mālama ikehu lōʻihi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e 2040, me kahi hoʻopukapuka o US $1.5 trillion a 3 trillion.Dala.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Academician Zhang Huamin o ka Dahua Institute o ka Chinese Academy of Science ma hope o 2030, i ka ʻōnaehana mana hou o ka home, e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu hou e pili ana i ka pahu, a me ka hana o ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe o ka mana a me ka hoʻoponopono pinepine. e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā hale mana mālama mālama.I ka wā ua mau, ma muli o ka emi nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o nā mea kanu wela, e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka paʻa o ka mana o ka ʻōnaehana mana hou, ʻo 2-4 wale nō mau hola o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka pono o ka ikehu o kahi. ka hui kalapona ʻole, a lōʻihi ka manawa.ʻO kahale mana mālama ikehuhāʻawi i ka mana i koi ʻia e ka haʻahaʻa grid.

ʻO kēia "Hoʻolālā Hoʻokō" e hoʻohana hou aku i ka inika e hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi a me ka hōʻike papahana o ka ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu lōʻihi: "E hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano waihona ikehu like ʻole.Hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā kūlana waiwai o nā wahi like ʻole a me ke koi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ikehu, e hoʻoikaika i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu no ka wā lōʻihi, ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana i nā papahana mālama ikehu hou e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hydrogen, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu (anu), etc. o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu., Iron-chromium kahe pākaukau, zinc-Australia kahe wai pila a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe", "Hana i ka ikehu hou o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen (ammonia), ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hydrogen-electric a me nā noi hōʻike hōʻike paʻakikī paʻakikī".Ua manaʻo ʻia i ka manawa o ka 14th Five-Year Plan, ka pae hoʻomohala o nā ʻoihana mālama ikehu lōʻihi e like me ka hydrogen (ammonia) mālama ikehu, kahe.nā pilaa e piʻi nui aʻe ka ea compressed kiʻekiʻe.

Manaʻo i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi i ka ʻenehana hoʻokele akamai, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻike a me ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio a me nā lako e manaʻo ʻia e wikiwiki, e pōmaikaʻi ai ka ʻoihana lawelawe ikehu piha.

I ka wā ma mua, ʻo ka hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana mana maʻamau no kahi ʻano kaulahao maʻamau, a ua ʻike ʻia ka lako mana a me ka hoʻokele ukana mana e ka hoʻouna kikowaena.I loko o ka ʻōnaehana mana hou, ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ikehu hou ka hopena nui.ʻO ka nui o ka volatility ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻopuka e hiki ʻole ke hoʻomalu a wānana pololei i ka noi, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana ma muli o ka popularization nui o nā kaʻa ikehu hou a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka ʻaoʻao ukana.ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pili ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana mana i nā kumu mana puʻupuʻu nui a me ke au pololei maʻalahi.Ma kēia pōʻaiapili, e hoʻololiʻia ka manaʻo hoʻouna kikowaena kuʻuna i kahi hoʻohui i hoʻohuiʻia o ke kumu, ka pūnaewele, ka ukana a me ka mālamaʻana, a me keʻano hoʻololi maʻalahi.I mea e ʻike ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana, ʻo ka digitization, ka ʻike a me ka naʻauao o nā ʻano āpau o ka mana a me ka ikehu he mau kumuhana ʻenehana hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana ikehu hou i ka wā e hiki mai ana.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻike a me ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio a me nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe: ʻaʻole lawa ka nānā ʻana o nā mana o kēia manawa i ka palekana palekana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele pākaukau, ʻike nui, distortion data, lohi ʻikepili, a me ka nalowale ʻikepili.ʻIke ʻia ka hemahema ʻikepili;pehea e hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ai i ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hoʻokele hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai ukana, e ʻae ana i nā mea hoʻohana e loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi hou aʻe ma o nā mea kanu uila e komo ana i nā kālepa mākeke uila;ʻenehana ʻike kikohoʻe e like me ka ʻikepili nui, blockchain, cloud computing, a me nā waiwai mālama ikehu ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohui ʻana he ʻano pāpaʻu, nāwaliwali ka pilina ma waena o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā loulou ʻē aʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana mana, a ʻo ka ʻenehana a me ke kumu hoʻohālike no ka nānā ʻana a me ka mining. ʻaʻole i oʻo ka waiwai hoʻohui.Me ka kaulana a me ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka 14th Five-Year Plan, ʻo ka digitalization, informationization a me nā pono hoʻokele akamai o nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu e hiki i kahi pae wikiwiki loa.

Ma kēia pōʻaiapili, ua hoʻoholo ka "Implementation Plan" e manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenehana hoʻokele naʻauao o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu o nā kuhikuhi nui no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka ʻenehana hou hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā lako i ka wā o ka 14th Five-Year Plan. e pili ana i ka "centralized tackling key technology of large-scale energy storage system cluster intelligent collaborative control"., e hana i ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu i puʻunaue ʻia, a e kālele ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia hoʻomalu grid i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu hou.Ke hilinaʻi nei i ka ʻikepili nui, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke ao, ka naʻauao hana, blockchain a me nā ʻenehana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokō i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻenehana nui i nā ʻano o ka pane ʻaoʻao koi, nā mea kanu uila, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ao, a me ka mākeke- nā kālepa pili."ʻO ka helu helu, ka ʻikepili a me ka naʻauao o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hilinaʻi ʻia i ka oʻo o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ʻenehana hoʻouna akamai ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.